Workload 工作量
Sitting 座位布置
Head teacher 班主任
Sequencing 活動(dòng)順序
Contextualized performance 情景表演
Pedagogical Implications and Applications 教學(xué)啟示與應(yīng)用
Call the roll 點(diǎn)名
SAT 美國高考(Scholastic Assessment Test)
Issue 問題
Self-efficacy自我效能
demanding 對(duì)自己要求嚴(yán)格的
Use pauses to punctuate(強(qiáng)調(diào)) what you say
pitch 音高
imperative 祈使句
commentate 評(píng)論
choral word 齊聲讀(齊唱)
discussion follow-up 后續(xù)的活動(dòng)
Admit your ignorance 承認(rèn)不懂的地方
an ad hoc explanation 一個(gè)臨時(shí)的解釋
the students’ confidence in the teacher 信任
Expand,don’t clutter 雜亂
language pledge 語言誓約
divide the blackboard 安排板書
projector 投影儀
transparency幻燈片
information gap 信息差
demonstrate 演示
wrestle with a problem 努力克服
一、The Importance of Standards
1. less commonly taught language 非普遍教授語言
2. high/low-enrollment language 學(xué)習(xí)人數(shù)多/少的語言
3. syllabus 大綱
guideline 指南,proficiency 能力
4. performance 表現(xiàn)
5. pedagogy 教學(xué)法
6. drill 操練
7. cohesion and coherence銜接連貫
8. Audiolingualism 聽說法
behaviorism 行為主義
9. communicative competence 交際能力
10. discourse competence 話語能力
11. CLT (Communicative Language Teaching) 交際語言教學(xué)(理論基礎(chǔ))
12. K-12 education 幼兒園-12年級(jí)教育(kindergarten – Grade 12)
13.interpersonal(人際溝通), interpretive(理解詮釋), presentational(表達(dá)演示)
14. 文化三角:practices 文化習(xí)俗、perspectives 文化觀念、products 文化產(chǎn)物
15. Comprehensibility 可理解性
Comprehension 理解程度
二 Bringing Culture into the Chinese
Language classroom through
Contextualized Performance 體演文化教學(xué)法
1. contextualized performance 情景體演
2. ACTFL (American Council on the Teaching of Foreign Languages) 美國外語教學(xué)委員會(huì)
4. Achievement culture 成就文化
Informational culture 信息文化
Behavioral culture 行為文化
6. articulate 發(fā)音
7. non-alphabetic 非字母的
8. phonologically 音系學(xué)地
9. cognate language 同源語
10. proxemics 人際距離
11. kinesics 人體動(dòng)作
12. permanent learning 終身學(xué)習(xí)
13. intonation pattern 語調(diào)模式
14. instructional cycle 教學(xué)周期
15. rehearsed performance 彩排
16. written genre 書面語類型
三 Focusing on the Learner in the Chinese Language Classroom——Moving from “Talking the Talk” to “Walking the Walk”關(guān)注漢語課堂中的學(xué)習(xí)者——從“光說不練”到“身體力行”
1. Interaction with Authentic Texts 使用真實(shí)文 本
2. Literacy Training Texts and Graded Readers 讀寫訓(xùn)練文本和分級(jí)讀物
3. interlocutor 對(duì)話者
4. thematic units 主題單元
5. sentence pattern 句型句式
6. communicative strategies 交際策略
8. consolidating activity 強(qiáng)化活動(dòng)
9. simplified characters 簡體字
10. full-form(traditional) characters 繁體字
11. activate schema 激活圖式
12. global reading 整體閱讀
13. skimming 略讀
14. outline 大綱
15. index card 索引卡片
四 Literacy Development in Chinese as a Foreign Language 漢語讀寫能力的提高
1. Logograph 語標(biāo) Logographic 語標(biāo)的(符號(hào)的),表意文字的
2. Syllable 音節(jié);Phoneme 音素,音位;Morpheme 語素; Grapheme 字位,字素
3. The minimal contrastive unit(最小對(duì)立對(duì)) in the writing system of a language.
4. Cognate 同源詞
5. Romanization 字母化(拼音化)
6. Grapheme-phoneme conversion 字音轉(zhuǎn)換
Examples (graphemes of the phoneme /f/)
f (as in "fun")
gh (as in "rough")
ph (as in "philosopher")
7. Tonal language 聲調(diào)語言
8. Rote memorization 死記硬背
Idiosyncratic stories 個(gè)性化故事
9. Radical awareness 偏旁認(rèn)知能力
radical偏旁 stroke 筆畫 stroke order筆順
10. Intraword awareness 字內(nèi)認(rèn)知
11. Linguistic code 語碼
12. Declarative knowledge 陳述性知識(shí)
Procedural knowledge 程序性知識(shí)
Strategic knowledge 策略性知識(shí)
13. Etymological background 字源背景
14. Discourse structure 話語結(jié)構(gòu)
15. Heritage language 繼承語
16. Extensive reading 泛讀;
Intensive reading 精讀
17. Scan 查讀,尋讀 look at quickly without careful reading, often looking for a particular thing
Skim 略讀 read quickly, nothing but only the chief points
18. Schema(Schemata) 圖式
Schema theory 圖式理論
to explain how people use background knowledge to shape their expectations about what a text (spoken or written) will contain.
19. Top-down自上而下
從頂層的概念(頭腦中的高層次圖式)出發(fā)對(duì)要輸入的信息進(jìn)行預(yù)測,并在處理信息時(shí)對(duì)這種預(yù)測予以檢測(給予肯定或否定的判斷),從而產(chǎn)生由上而下的運(yùn)作方式。
Bottom-up自下而上
由具體文字信息引起高一層次概念的反應(yīng),從而激活頭腦中較大的高一層次的圖式發(fā)生作用,對(duì)新信息進(jìn)行處理。
五 AP Chinese Language and Culture
?Advanced Placement Programs 大學(xué)先修課程項(xiàng)目
?pedagogical principles教學(xué)原則
?Negotiation of meaning 意義協(xié)商
?Internalize 內(nèi)化
?Proficiency Guidelines 熟練度測評(píng)指南
?Performance Guidelines能力測評(píng)指南
?Formative assessments 形成性測評(píng)
?Summative assessments 總結(jié)性測評(píng)
?Rubrics 評(píng)分準(zhǔn)則
?Delivery 口頭表達(dá)
?Free-response questions 開放性試題
?Verbal/Linguistic learners 言語/語言型學(xué)習(xí)者
?Visual/Spatial learners 視覺/空間型學(xué)習(xí)者
?Interpersonal learners 互動(dòng)交際型學(xué)習(xí)者
?Intrapersonal learners 內(nèi)省型學(xué)習(xí)者
?Credits policy學(xué)分置換政策
?Placement policy 課程跳級(jí)政策
?AP Chinese Development Committee AP漢語發(fā)展委員會(huì)
?Chinese Language Teachers Association (CLTA)美國漢語教師學(xué)會(huì)
?AP Chinese Reader AP漢語評(píng)分委員
六Teaching Chinese Orthography and Discourse_ Knowledge and pedagogy 漢字的正字法與語篇教學(xué):知識(shí)和教學(xué)方法
①Orthography拼寫體系、正字法
the system of spelling in a language
②Cross-linguistic differences跨語言差異
③L1 transfer第一語言遷移
④Logographic script意音文字
⑤Strokes筆畫
Components部件 Characters 漢字
⑥Simple characters 獨(dú)體字
Compound characters 合體字
⑦Semantic radical 形旁
Phonetic radical聲旁
⑧Character formation sequence漢字的生成
⑨Patterns of character configurations漢字的結(jié)構(gòu)
⑩Preventive strategies預(yù)防策略
?Corrective strategies矯正策略
?Discourse 語篇
七 Teaching Listening and Speaking —— An Interactive Approach 互動(dòng)教學(xué)法
1、Psycholinguistics:心理語言學(xué)
2、Input-output model:輸入-輸出模型
Input processing hypothesis 輸入加工假說
Pushed output 強(qiáng)迫式輸出理論
3、Research findings:研究成果
4、Curriculum design:課程設(shè)計(jì)
5、Instructional implementation:教學(xué)實(shí)施
6、Phonological store:
語音存儲(chǔ)/語音存儲(chǔ)裝置
7、Articulatory loop/phonological loop:
語音環(huán)/語音回路
8、Speech processing語音處理
9、Semantic function and pragmatic function 語義功能和語用功能
10、Culture specific 文化特性
11、Integrating speaking and listening in an
interactive fashion 聽說互動(dòng)
12、Interlanguage system 中介語系統(tǒng)
13、Blended Learning 混合式教學(xué)法
14、Flipped(Inverted)Classroom 翻轉(zhuǎn)課堂
八Technology in Chinese Language Teaching and Learning 漢語教學(xué)中的技術(shù)
3. Convenience Productivity便捷性&能產(chǎn)性
4. Normalization of computer use
計(jì)算機(jī)技術(shù)運(yùn)用普及化
5. TTS(Text-to-Speech) Programs
文語轉(zhuǎn)換程序
6. Speech Recognition Technology
語音識(shí)別技術(shù)
7. Technology ecology科技生態(tài)環(huán)境
8. Collaborative learning互助(協(xié)作)學(xué)習(xí)
9. Self-paced language instruction自主學(xué)習(xí)
10. E-learning數(shù)字化/電子化/網(wǎng)絡(luò)化學(xué)習(xí)
11. Computerized tests線上測試與評(píng)估(電腦
自動(dòng)化測試)
12.Chinese Placement Test online線上漢語分
級(jí)測試
13.Application of cloud platform for education
教育云平臺(tái)應(yīng)用
14. Modernization of Chinese teaching and learning漢語教學(xué)現(xiàn)代化
15. intergrate交互
16. streaming technology 流媒體技術(shù)(資源下載的同時(shí)播放)
九Teaching Chinese as a Heritage Language —— focused on the United States 漢語作為繼承語的教學(xué)
Heritage Language HL繼承語
Skewed linguistic skills 不平衡的語言技能
Marginalized 使邊緣化
Ethnic ambivalence 民族矛盾
Dual tracks 雙軌制
3-fold tracks 三軌制
Cantonese 廣東話
Immersion/content-based course 浸入式課程
placement:分班
material:教材
CHL development path:繼承語發(fā)展路徑
mainstream school/language:主流學(xué)校、語言
ethnic ambivalence:民族矛盾心理
prior Chinese proficiency:先前中文水平
length of English immersion:英語浸入時(shí)間
work book 工具書
十 Linking Curriculum, assessment, and Professional development——Challenge of a k-16 Articulated Program連結(jié)課程,評(píng)估和專業(yè)發(fā)展:K-16銜接項(xiàng)目的挑戰(zhàn)
post-secondary高等教育(中學(xué)后教育)
Flagship Scholars領(lǐng)航學(xué)習(xí)者,領(lǐng)航生
Upper-division university高等學(xué)院(是對(duì)大三,大四課程的補(bǔ)充,供社區(qū)大學(xué)的學(xué)生繼續(xù)學(xué)習(xí))
Classical Chinese/Literacy Chinese文言文
Content class內(nèi)容課(語言以外的歷史、經(jīng)濟(jì)等課程)
關(guān)鍵語言 critical language
銜接 Articulation
無縫銜接 seamless articulation
K16(kindergarten through sixteenth grade) 從基礎(chǔ)教育到大學(xué)教育
Chinese Flagship Program 中文領(lǐng)航項(xiàng)目
Curriculum articulation 課程銜接
Capstone course 頂點(diǎn)課程
Metacognitive learning strategies元認(rèn)知學(xué)習(xí)策略
Experiential learning 體驗(yàn)式學(xué)習(xí)
Eollaborative culture 協(xié)作文化
Diffusion of Innovation Grant Program 傳播創(chuàng)新資助計(jì)劃
Flagship Partner Program 領(lǐng)航伙伴項(xiàng)目
OPI(oral proficiency interview)口語能力測試
Chinese Flagship Track 中文領(lǐng)航賽道
Understanding the Culture of American Schools, and Managing the Successful Chinese Language Classroom理解美國學(xué)校文化,成功管理漢語課堂
1. Public Schooling:公立學(xué)校教育
2. Premise:前提
3. Decentralization:分散管理、權(quán)力下放
4. U.S. Department of Education:美國教育部
6. ACT:American College Test/Testing美國
大學(xué)入學(xué)考試
7. Special Education:特殊教育
8. IEP:Individualized Education Program個(gè)
性化教育計(jì)劃
9. School district:學(xué)區(qū)
10. Boards of Education/School Boards(學(xué)區(qū))教育董事會(huì)
11. Back-to-school night:返校日
12. Productive Learning:產(chǎn)出性學(xué)習(xí)
13. Receptive Learning:接受性學(xué)習(xí)
14. Well-rounded people:全面發(fā)展的人
15. Assertive:專斷的
16. minor disruption 小動(dòng)作
17. orientation
18. Open Access 開放教育
19. The Ideal of Universal Literacy 識(shí)字率
20. Parental Involvement 家長參與
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